Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales.

doi: 10.3390/ijms242417519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Macroscopic and microscopic growth characteristics of (A) Rhizopus stolonifer and (B) Mu- cor racemosus. Growth was studied on Czapek agar (CZA), malt extract agar (MEA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), Sabouraud glucose agar (SGA) and oatmeal agar (OA). Spore suspension (20 µL 5 × 105 spores per mL) was pipetted three times onto different solid media and incubated at 22 ◦C for 40 h. Surface growth and colony reverse were documented photographically. Fungal reproductive structures were examined using transmitted light microscopy (light microscope DMRBE, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).

Article Snippet: Mucorales fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (DSM 855) and Mucor racemosus (DSM 5266) were purchased from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Suspension, Incubation, Light Microscopy

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales.

doi: 10.3390/ijms242417519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Drop test showing allicin sensitivity of Mucorales strains. 20 µL of serial diluted spore suspensions of (A) Rhizopus stolonifer and (B) Mucor racemosus (stock: 5 × 105 spores per mL) were plated onto PDA medium containing allicin at the concentrations indicated. Double distilled water (H2Odd) was used as a control. Growth was documented after 24 h of incubation at 22 ◦C. For a better visualisation of growth, the contrast of the photos was increased.

Article Snippet: Mucorales fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (DSM 855) and Mucor racemosus (DSM 5266) were purchased from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Control, Incubation

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales.

doi: 10.3390/ijms242417519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Allicin inhibits spore germination in a concentration-dependent manner. Spore containing agar was prepared by adding spore suspension to 20 mL PDA medium (50 ◦C) to obtain a final concentration of 105 spores per mL. Triplicates were made for each fungus. R. stolonifer was incubated for 24 h and M. racemosus for 48 h at 22 ◦C. (A) For agar diffusion tests, three holes (Ø = 0.6 cm) were punched into the agar after solidification and filled with 40 µL of 10 mM, 20 mM aqueous allicin solution or H2Odd, respectively. (B) n = 3, error bars show standard deviation. Same letters indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) in a One-Way ANOVA with Holm–Šidák method. (C) For vapour treatments, H2Odd, 96% ethanol or aqueous allicin solution (25 mM resp. 50 mM) was applied to the Petri dish lid after agar solidification. (D) n = 3, error bars show standard deviation. Same letters indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05) in a One-Way ANOVA with Holm–Šidák method.

Article Snippet: Mucorales fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (DSM 855) and Mucor racemosus (DSM 5266) were purchased from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Suspension, Incubation, Diffusion-based Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales.

doi: 10.3390/ijms242417519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Comparison of GR activity and cellular glutathione content of R. stolonifer and M. racemosus. (A) Mean glutathione reductase activity and (B) cellular glutathione in fungal cell lysates were measured in a glutathione reductase recycling assay (Sections 4.11 and 4.12). Protein content in cell lysates was determined using a Bradford assay (Section 4.10). GR activity was standardized to protein content. n = 9, sample comprises three biological replicates with three technical replicas each, error bars show standard deviation. Significant differences in a Student’s t-test are marked by asterisks (p < 0.001 = ***).

Article Snippet: Mucorales fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (DSM 855) and Mucor racemosus (DSM 5266) were purchased from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison, Activity Assay, Bradford Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales.

doi: 10.3390/ijms242417519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Allicin enhances the antifungal activity of amphotericin B. Allicin was placed in a 96 well plate along with ampB and 50 µL spore suspension was added. Final concentrations of the sample solutions per well are given. Spore germination of R. stolonifer was studied microscopically after 24 h, that of M. racemosus after 48 h. The ratio of germinated spores to total spore number was determined (Spore germination without antifungal agent was set as 100% spore germination. Mean values of three biological replicates are shown. Inhibition of spore germination is represented by color: red—inhibition, green—no inhibition.

Article Snippet: Mucorales fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (DSM 855) and Mucor racemosus (DSM 5266) were purchased from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Suspension, Inhibition

Journal: Bioinformatics Advances

Article Title: Quantifying orthogonal barcodes for sequence census assays

doi: 10.1093/bioadv/vbad181

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison between kallisto bustools (kb) quantifications and Cell Ranger (cr) quantifications for the 10× Feature Barcoding assay on 5266 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells dataset targeting 32 cell surface proteins. (a) Knee plot comparing cumulative UMI counts per cell. (b) Pseudobulk comparison of cumulative UMI counts per feature barcode. (c) Cumulative UMI counts per cell. (d) Pearson correlation of the same cell between the two quantifications. (e) The l 1 distance between a kallisto bustools cell and its Cell Ranger equivalent and the same cell and its nearest kallisto bustools neighbor across the total UMI counts for that cell. (f) The l 1 distance of a kallisto bustools cell to its Cell Ranger equivalent ( y -axis) and to its nearest neighbor ( x -axis) and the l 1 distance of a Cell Ranger cell to it’s kallisto bustools equivalent ( x -axis) and its nearest neighbor ( y -axis). The marginal distributions show that each kallisto bustools cell is closest to its corresponding Cell Ranger cell and that each Cell Ranger cell is nearest to its corresponding kallisto bustools cell. (g) Pearson correlation for all the cells between the kallisto bustools qualifications and in CITE-seq-Count or Cell Ranger quantifications for each of the five datasets. (h) Runtime and (i) memory improvements for each of the five datasets across the various read depths.

Article Snippet: FASTQ files for 5266 Peripheral blood mononuclear cells dataset targeting 32 cell surface proteins were downloaded from https://support.10xgenomics.com/single-cell-gene-expression/datasets/3.0.2/5k_pbmc_protein_v3 .

Techniques: Comparison